In the first year of life infants babble a variety of vowels and consonants. They develop their sounds through listening to their caregivers. This is why it's so important to talk, sing, and play with children. When babies begin cooing, vocalizing vowels, and babbling, they are exploring the muscles in their mouth and learning to communicate. Speech is developmental in nature, which means that children shouldn't be expected to have all of their sounds right away. Usually the bilabial sounds / p, b, m / are acquired first as well as the voiceless glottal fricative /h/ and the labio-velar approximate /w/. Research has changed in recent years regarding later developing sounds such as /r/. It used to be thought of as a "late 8 sound," meaning that some children don't acquire it until the age of 8. However, newer studies suggest that children should have their /r/ sound by age 5. Problems producing /r/ could indicate a myofunctional disorder.
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